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新方法使科学家们能够以前所未有的细节观察细胞的分泌情况_我的网站

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一 | 由麦凯尔维工程学院机械工程和材料科学的Lilyan & E. Lisle Hughes教授Srikanth Singamaneni和Singamaneni实验室的前博士后Anushree Seth领导的研究人员开发了FluoroDOT测定法。

二 | 该研究最近发表在《细胞报告方法》上。

Different types of consumer lithium primary batteries on display Photo: VCGChinese researchers have developed a new high-energy lithium primary battery that can deliver both long-lasting energy and strong bursts of power while maintaining stable performance at temperatures as low as -40 C, Science and Technology Daily reported on Monday.
A research team led by Chen Zhongwei at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics under the Chinese Academy of Sciences developed a 25-ampere-hour pouch-type lithium-metal primary battery. Tests conducted by the safety laboratory of the China Electronics Standardization Institute showed that the battery achieved an energy density of more than 750 Watt-hour per kilogram at a low discharge rate, according to the report.
Meanwhile its discharge rate can be increased by up to 100 times, enabling short bursts of high-current discharge at 10C. The "C" stands for C-rate, which is the charge and discharge rates of a battery. According to sector website Battery University, the capacity of a battery is commonly rated at 1C, meaning that a fully charged battery rated at 1Ah should provide 1A for one hour. The same battery discharging at 0.5C should provide 500mA for two hours, and at 2C it delivers 2A for 30 minutes.
The new battery puts China among the world's leading players in high-power primary battery technology.
Primary batteries offer high specific energy, long storage times and instant readiness, allowing them to be used immediately even after long storage.
Primaries play an important role, especially when charging is impractical or impossible, such as in military combat, rescue missions and forest-fire services, the article said.
Traditional lithium primary batteries can store large amounts of energy for long periods, but their ability to rapidly release that energy can be limited. The new battery is designed to combine high energy density with high power output, allowing it to both operate for extended periods and provide large amounts of power when needed.
The battery can deliver short bursts of high-current discharge at up to 10C and sustain discharge at 4C. At room temperature, its specific power reaches 4,487 Watts per kilogram, according to Science and Technology Daily.
The battery also maintains strong performance under extremely cold conditions. At -40 C, the battery retains an energy density of 447 Watt-hour per kilogram at a 1C discharge rate. Its annual self-discharge rate is below 1 percent, meaning that it loses relatively little stored energy during long periods of standby.
Such characteristics could make the battery suitable for equipment that needs both long-term energy storage and sudden high-power output, including drones, robots, spacecraft and sensors deployed in remote areas.
Chen said the team achieved a breakthrough in cathode materials by developing a high-entropy oxide material and has established a pilot production line with an annual capacity of 10 tons, linking material development with battery-cell production.
The battery has passed third-party testing and is now undergoing further validation for applications including drones, robots, spaceflight simulators and field sensor nodes, according to Chen.
Global Times
。这种高度敏感的检测方法能够在大约30分钟内看到并测量单个细胞分泌的蛋白质。树突状细胞在不同时间点分泌蛋白1（TNFa，红色显示）和蛋白2（IL-6，黄色显示）的FluoroDOT检测图像（从左到右。未受刺激、受刺激30分钟、1小时、2小时和3小时）。细胞的细胞核以蓝色显示。白色箭头突出显示了只分泌一种蛋白质或两种蛋白质的不同数量和不同时间点的细胞。图像: Srikanth Singamaneni/华盛顿大学与来自其他大学和华盛顿大学医学院的科学家一起发现FluoroDOT检测法用途广泛，价格低廉，可适应任何实验室环境，并且有可能比目前常用的检测法更全面地了解这些蛋白质。生物医学研究人员通过分泌蛋白来了解细胞间通讯、细胞信号传导、激活和炎症等方面的信息，但目前的方法在敏感性方面受到限制，而且可能需要24小时的繁琐处理流程。质子-荧光是Singamaneni实验室创造的一种质子增强的纳米标签，比传统的荧光标签亮16000倍，信噪比超过30倍，这是FluoroDOT检测法与其他检测法的区别所在。Singamaneni说："质子-荧光剂是由金属纳米粒子组成的，它作为天线拉入光线并增强分子荧光团的荧光发射，从而使它成为一种超亮的纳米粒子。"这种质子-荧光的超亮发射使用户能够看到极少量的分泌蛋白，这是他们在现有测定法中无法做到的，加上利用定制的算法，用每个簇或斑点的颗粒数量或点状图案，实现以数字方式测量高分辨率信号。此外，它不需要特殊设备。Singamaneni和他的合作者于2020年在《自然-生物医学工程》杂志上首次发表了他们的等离子体氟化物工作。

三 | 这项正在申请专利的质子荧光技术由圣路易斯华盛顿大学技术管理办公室授权给Auragent生物科学有限公司。

四 | "使用一个简单的荧光显微镜，我们能够同时对一个细胞以及它周围分泌的蛋白质的空间分布进行成像，"Seth说，他作为Singamaneni实验室的博士后学者从事这个项目，并作为Auragent生物科学公司的首席科学家（细胞应用）继续从事这项工作。"我们看到不同细胞类型的有趣分泌模式。

五 | 这种检测方法还能同时观察来自单个细胞的两种类型的蛋白质。当多个细胞受到相同的刺激时，我们可以将同时分泌两种蛋白质的细胞与只分泌一种蛋白质或根本不分泌的细胞区分开来。"为了验证这项技术，该团队使用了从人类和小鼠细胞中分泌的蛋白质，包括感染了结核分枝杆菌的免疫细胞。合作者和共同作者之一，医学博士Jennifer A. Philips，医学和分子微生物学系的Theodore和Bertha Bryan教授，以及医学院传染病科的共同主任，已经在她的实验室中使用了FluoroDOT测定。